[From psychosomatic medicine to medical psychology: the theoretical and institutional trajectory of Julio de Mello Filho]. / Da medicina psicossomática à psicologia médica: a trajetória teórica e institucional de Julio de Mello Filho.

Studies on the causality of pathologies and the doctor/patient relationship based on psychoanalytic formulations received two denominations in Brazil: psychosomatic medicine and medical psychology. The physician and psychoanalyst Julio de Mello Filho took a leading role in this movement after the psychiatrist and psychoanalyst Danillo Perestrello was incapacitated by illness. This study investigates how the theoretical concepts of the psychosomatic movement were structured and the institutional strategies used to establish this discipline in Brazil. From an epistemological and historical point of view, the initial notion of transforming the hegemonic medical model was seen to lose force, followed by a shift in medical psychology as a field of health psychology.

Os estudos sobre as causalidades das patologias e da relação médico/paciente a partir de formulações psicanalíticas receberam duas denominações no Brasil: medicina psicossomática e psicologia médica. O médico e psicanalista Julio de Mello Filho assumiu o protagonismo dessa proposta a partir da doença incapacitante do psiquiatra e psicanalista Danillo Perestrello. A estruturação da concepção teórica do movimento psicossomático e as estratégias institucionais utilizadas para a consolidação desse campo disciplinar no cenário brasileiro são o objeto deste estudo. Por meio de um referencial epistemológico e histórico, conclui-se que a proposta inicial de transformação do modelo médico hegemônico perde força e observa-se um deslocamento da psicologia médica como um campo da psicologia da saúde.

Percepção sobre o cuidado à perda gestacional: estudo qualitativo com casais brasileiros / Perceptions on pregnancy loss care: a qualitative study with brazilian couples / Percepción sobre la atención a la pérdida del embarazo: estudio cualitativo con parejas brasileñas

Este artigo analisou a percepção e os sentimentos de casais sobre o atendimento recebido nos serviços de saúde acessados em função de perda gestacional (óbito fetal ante e intraparto). O convite para a pesquisa foi divulgado em mídias sociais (Instagram e Facebook). Dos 66 casais que contataram a equipe, 12 participaram do estudo, cuja coleta de dados ocorreu em 2018. Os casais responderam conjuntamente a uma ficha de dados sociodemográficos e uma entrevista semiestruturada, realizada presencialmente (n=4) ou por videochamada (n=8). Os dados foram gravados em áudio e posteriormente transcritos. A Análise Temática indutiva das entrevistas identificou cinco temas: sentimento de impotência, iatrogenia vivida nos serviços, falta de cuidado em saúde mental, não reconhecimento da perda como evento com consequências emocionais negativas, e características do bom atendimento. Os achados demonstraram situações de violência, comunicação deficitária, desvalorização das perdas precoces, falta de suporte para contato com o bebê falecido e rotinas pouco humanizadas, especialmente durante a internação após a perda. Para aprimorar a assistência às famílias enlutadas, sugere-se qualificação profissional, ampliação da visibilidade do tema entre diferentes atores e reorganização dos serviços, considerando uma diretriz clínica para atenção ao luto perinatal, com destaque para o fortalecimento da inserção de equipes de saúde mental no contexto hospitalar.(AU)

This study analyzed couples' perceptions and feelings about pregnancy loss care (ante and intrapartum fetal death). A research invitation was published on social media (Instagram and Facebook) and data collection took place in 2018. Of the 66 couples who contacted the research team, 12 participated in the study by filling a sociodemographic questionnaire and answering a semi-structured interview in person (n=04) or by video call (n=08). All interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and examined by Inductive Thematic Analysis, which identified five themes: feelings of impotence, iatrogenic experiences in health services, lack of mental health care, not recognizing pregnancy loss as an emotionally overwhelming event, and aspects of good healthcare. Analysis showed experiences of violence, poor communication, devaluation of early losses, lack of support for contact with the deceased baby, and dehumanizing routines, especially during hospitalization after loss. Professional qualification, extended pregnancy loss visibility among different stakeholders, and reorganization of health services are needed to improve the care offered to grieving families, considering a clinical guideline for perinatal grief care with emphasis on strengthening the insertion of mental health teams in the hospital context.(AU)

Este estudio analizó las percepciones y sentimientos de parejas sobre la atención recibida en los servicios de salud a los que accedieron debido a la pérdida del embarazo (muerte fetal ante e intraparto). La invitación al estudio se publicó en las redes sociales (Instagram y Facebook). De las 66 parejas que se contactaron con el equipo, 12 participaron en el estudio, cuya recolección de datos se realizó en 2018. Las parejas respondieron un formulario de datos sociodemográficos y realizaron una entrevista semiestructurada presencialmente (n=4) o por videollamada (n=08). Los datos se grabaron en audio para su posterior transcripción. El análisis temático inductivo identificó cinco temas: Sentimiento de impotencia, experiencias iatrogénicas en los servicios, falta de atención a la salud mental, falta de reconocimiento de la pérdida como un evento con consecuencias emocionales negativas y características de buena atención. Los hallazgos evidenciaron situaciones de violencia, comunicación deficiente, desvalorización de las pérdidas tempranas, falta de apoyo para el contacto con el bebé fallecido y rutinas poco humanizadas, especialmente durante la hospitalización tras la pérdida. Para mejorar la atención a las familias en duelo, se sugiere capacitación profesional, ampliación de la visibilidad del tema entre los diferentes actores y reorganización de los servicios, teniendo en cuenta una guía clínica para la atención del duelo perinatal, enfocada en fortalecer la inserción de los equipos de salud mental en el contexto hospitalario.(AU)

Atuação em urgência e emergência a partir da psicologia junguiana / The pratice in an emergency service based on jungian psychology / La práctica en la urgencia y emergencia desde la psicología junguiana

Este artigo é um relato de experiência cujo objetivo é refletir sobre a atuação de uma psicóloga no contexto da urgência e emergência no hospital a partir da psicologia jungiana. Utilizou-se como método o recurso da sistematização da experiência, que consiste em sua interpretação crítica, cujo foco é o ordenamento e a reconstrução das experiências para explicitar a lógica do processo vivido. Por meio da reflexão de situações clínicas foi possível proporcionar um lugar para a subjetividade diante do disruptivo e da objetividade institucional do hospital. Teoricamente, o texto descreve as experiências de atendimento hospitalar, espaço em que urge o inesperado e o desconhecido. Aposta-se no simbolismo como movimento da psique para lidar com aquilo que o sujeito ainda não pode nomear, significar, incluindo a vulnerabilidade, as perdas e a questão da morte e do luto, este entendido como a ruptura de um vínculo. Dessa forma, a psicologia analítica se volta para como a entrada no hospital e a fugacidade do contexto de urgência e emergência afetam a psique dos sujeitos atendidos e de que forma esse psiquismo reage às vivências disruptivas e inesperadas.(AU)

This work is an experience report whose objective is to reflect on the role of a psychologist in the context of urgency and emergency in the hospital from the perspective of Jungian psychology. The resource of systematization of the experience was used as method, which consists of a critical interpretation, whose focus is the ordering and reconstruction of experiences to explain the logic of the process experienced. With the reflection of clinical situations, it was possible to provide a place for subjectivity in the face of the disruptive and the institutional objectivity of the hospital. Theoretically, the text describes the experience of entry in a hospital, a place in which the unexpected and the unknown are faced. We believe on symbolism as a movement of the psyche to deal with what the patient cannot yet name or give a meaning, including vulnerability, losses, and the issue of death and grief, this last one understood as the rupture of a link. Thus, analytical psychology will focus on how the entry in a hospital and the fleetingness of the emergency context affect the psyche of the patients and how this psyche reacts to the disruptive and unexpected experiences.(AU)

Este reporte de experiencia pretende reflejar sobre el papel de una psicóloga en el contexto de urgencia y emergencia en el hospital desde la perspectiva de la psicología junguiana. El método utilizado fue el recurso de sistematización de la experiencia, que consiste en una interpretación crítica, cuyo enfoque es el ordenamiento y reconstrucción de experiencias para explicar la lógica del proceso vivido. A partir del reflejo de situaciones clínicas se logró dar lugar a la subjetividad frente a la objetividad institucional del hospital. Teóricamente se describen las vivencias en la atención hospitalaria, un espacio donde se encuentra lo inesperado y lo desconocido. Se considera el simbolismo como un movimiento de la psique para lidiar con lo que el sujeto aún no puede nombrar, incluidas la vulnerabilidad, las pérdidas y el tema de la muerte y el dolor, este último comprendido como un quiebre del vínculo. De esta manera, la psicología analítica se centrará en cómo la admisión al hospital y la fugacidad del contexto de emergencia afectan la psique de los sujetos atendidos y cómo esta psique reacciona a estas experiencias disruptivas e inesperadas.(AU)

O mundo privado na UTI: análise da internação de pacientes oncológicos / The private world in the ICU: analysis of the hospitalization of oncology patientes / El mundo privado en la UCI: análisis de la hospitalización de pacientes oncológicos

O presente estudo buscou investigar a percepção que pacientes adultos de uma unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) oncológica têm acerca da experiência de internação nesse setor. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa e de compreensão. Sete pacientes de um hospital de câncer na região Sul do país foram pesquisados. Eles responderam a uma entrevista semiestruturada, a qual foi gravada e posteriormente transcrita, o que possibilitou o acesso às concepções prévias desses sujeitos acerca da UTI, aspectos psicológicos presentes durante a internação e concepções posteriores à experiência de internamento na unidade. Tais informações foram interpretadas por meio da análise de conteúdo. A partir dos resultados, foi possível verificar que a experiência de internação em contextos de terapia intensiva pode ser afetada, favorável ou desfavoravelmente, pelo conjunto de regras que o paciente traz consigo acerca do que é a UTI. Além disso, foi possível compreender também que os estímulos aversivos existentes nesse ambiente podem ser atenuados pela presença da família e por uma relação acolhedora e sensível com a equipe de saúde, favorecendo, assim, o repertório de enfrentamento do paciente frente a esse momento crítico de saúde.(AU)

This study aims to investigate the perception of adult patients in an oncology intensive care unit (ICU) regarding the experience of hospitalization in this sector. This is a research with a qualitative approach and understanding. Seven patients from a cancer hospital in the southern region of the country were surveyed. They answered a semi-structured interview, which was recorded and later transcribed, on the subjects' previous conceptions about the ICU, psychological aspects present during hospitalization, and conceptions subsequent to the hospitalization experience in the Unit. Such information was interpreted through content analysis. From the results, it was possible to verify that the experience of hospitalization in intensive care contexts can be affected, favorably or unfavorably, by the set of rules that the patient brings with them about what the ICU is. In addition, it was also possible to understand that the aversive stimulus existing in this environment can be attenuated by the presence of the family and by a welcoming and sensitive relationship with the health team, thus favoring the patient's coping repertoire when facing a critical moment of health.(AU)

Este estudio pretendió investigar la percepción que tienen los pacientes adultos sobre la experiencia de hospitalización en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) de oncología. Se trata de una investigación con enfoque cualitativo y de comprensión. Participaron siete pacientes de un hospital oncológico en la región Sur de Brasil. Se aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada, que fue grabada y, posteriormente, transcrita, lo que permitió acceder a las concepciones previas de los sujetos sobre la UCI, los aspectos psicológicos presentes durante la hospitalización y las concepciones posteriores a la experiencia de internación en la Unidad. Dicha información se interpretó mediante análisis de contenido. A partir de los resultados, fue posible constatar que la experiencia de hospitalización en cuidados intensivos puede ser afectada favorable o desfavorablemente por el conjunto de normas que el paciente trae consigo sobre qué es la UTI. Además, se constató que los estímulos adversos existentes en este ambiente pueden mitigarse mediante la presencia de la familia y la relación acogedora y sensible con el equipo de salud, lo que favorece así el repertorio de afrontamiento del paciente ante este momento crítico de salud.(AU)

Como ser psicólogo hospitalar na pandemia de covid-19 no Brasil? Uma pesquisa documental / How to be a hospital psychologist in the covid-19 pandemic in Brasil? A documental research

Resumo Com alta transmissibilidade e demanda por atendimento hospitalar, a covid-19 teve impactos (como ansiedade, medo e insegurança) sobre o equilíbrio psicológico de pacientes, seus familiares e profissionais da saúde. Diante disso, o objetivo deste artigo é mapear intervenções psicológicas no contexto hospitalar frente à covid-19, a fim de subsidiar a constituição de protocolos. Observou-se que visitas virtuais, trabalho de luto antecipatório e técnicas de psicoeducação, através de psicoterapia breve, mostram-se necessários dentro do contexto de unidades fechadas, Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTIs) e emergências, como forma de enfrentamento que permite a elaboração de sentimentos, como medo, angústia e ansiedade. Para ambulatórios, destacam-se os plantões psicológicos, através de videochamadas, de demanda espontânea, além de encaminhamento para psicoterapia externa, voltados a profissionais com sintomas de pânico, ansiedade, depressão e exaustão. Mesmo com intervenções psicológicas originadas a partir desse contexto, evidencia-se a falta de protocolos com abrangência nacional e eficazes para o ambiente hospitalar, tanto para pacientes e familiares como para profissionais que atuam diretamente com o vírus. Portanto, cabe ao Brasil aperfeiçoar o modelo apresentado pela Comissão Nacional de Saúde da China, ou construir protocolos próprios de acordo com o contexto sociocultural, compreendendo suas diferentes formas de comunicação e enfrentamento. É essencial considerar sentimentos de cansaço dos profissionais da saúde, de forma que se sugerem ações como grupo de acolhimento de demandas emocionais geradas nesta pandemia.

Abstract With high transmission and demand for hospital care, COVID-19 caused impacts (such as anxiety fear, and insecurity) on the psychological balance of patients, family members, and health professionals. Therefore, the objective of this article is to map psychological interventions in the hospital context against COVID-19, to support the constitution of protocols in this environment. We observed that virtual visits, anticipatory mourning work, and psychoeducational techniques, via brief psychotherapy are necessary within the context of closed units, Intensive Care Units (ICU's), and emergencies, as a way of coping that allow the elaboration of feelings such as fear, anguish , and anxiety. For outpatient clinics, psychological shifts in hospitals, via video calls, of spontaneous demand, in addition to referral to external psychotherapy, for professionals with symptoms of panic, anxiety, depression, and exhaustion stand out. Even with psychological interventions originating from this context, the lack of protocols with national coverage and effectiveness for the hospital environment is evident, both for patients and families and for professionals who work directly with the virus. Therefore, it is up to Brazil to improve the model presented by the National Health Commission for the People's Republic of China, or build our own protocols according to the sociocultural context, comprising their different forms of communication and confrontation. In addition, it to Considering the feelings of tiredness of health professionals is essential, so that actions such as a group to acknowledge emotional demands generated in this pandemic are suggested.

Coping na hospitalização: estratégia de enfrentamento familiar de pacientes na unidade semi-intensiva / Coping in hospitalization: a family coping strategy for patients in the semi-intensive care unit / Coping en la hospitalización: estrategia de enfrentamiento familiar de pacientes en unidad semi-intensiva

As circunstâncias envolvidas na hospitalização causam nos cuidadores dificuldades no enfrentamento (coping), exigindo estratégias de adaptação à situação adversa e superação da crise instaurada pelo adoecimento. Este artigo parte de estudo anterior, feito durante a Residência Integrada em Saúde (RIS), sobre o impacto do processo de hospitalização para os acompanhantes do paciente internado na Unidade de Terapia Semi-Intensiva (UTSI), aprofundado nesta pesquisa para abordar as estratégias de enfrentamento. Assim, foi realizado estudo retrospectivo, qualitativo, com 9 familiares cuidadores de pacientes internados na UTSI em hospital de referência em cardiopneumologia. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevistas semiestruturadas e o material submetido à análise de conteúdo. Os resultados encontrados apontam que a prática religiosa é uma estratégia utilizada com frequência pelos familiares, bem como a distração, através de redes sociais, leituras e interação com outras pessoas. Tais ações funcionam como modo de superação a fim de evitar desgastes emocionais encontrados dentro desta unidade internação. (AU)

The circumstances involved in hospitalization cause difficulties in coping for caregivers, requiring them to use strategies for adapting to the adverse situation and overcoming the crisis caused by illness. This article is based on a previous study, carried out during an Integrated Residency in Healthcare, on the impact of the hospitalization process on caregivers in the Semi-Intensive Care Unit (SICU), which has been expanded in this research to also address coping strategies. Therefore, we carried out a retrospective, qualitative study with nine family caregivers of patients hospitalized in the SICU at a reference hospital for cardiopulmonary care. The data was collected through semi--structured interviews, and the material was submitted for content analysis. The results found indicate that religious practice is a frequently used strategy by family caregivers, as well as distractions through social networks, reading and interaction with other people. These actions function as a way of overcoming hardships in order to avoid emotional exhaustion within the care unit. (AU)

Las circunstancias involucradas en la hospitalización causan en los cuidadores dificultades en el enfrentamiento, exigiendo de ellos estrategias de adaptación a la situación adversa y superación de la crisis instaurada. Este artículo se origina en el estudio anterior durante la Residencia Integrada en Salud (RIS), sobre el impacto del proceso de hospitalización para los acompañantes del paciente internado en la Unidad de Terapia Semi-Intensiva (UTSI), profun-dizado en esta investigación para abordar las estrategias de enfrentamiento. De esta manera, fue realizado un estudio retrospectivo, cualitativo, con 9 familiares cuidadores de pacientes internados en UTSI en un hospital que es referencia en cardiopneumología. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas semi estructuradas, y el material sometido a análisis de contenido. Los resultados encontrados señalan que la práctica religiosa es una estrategia utilizada con frecuencia por los familiares, así como la distracción, a través de las redes sociales, lectura e interacción con otras personas. Dichas acciones funcionan como superación para evitar desgastes emocionales encontrados dentro de esta unidad. (AU)

Do diagnóstico institucional ao apoio interdisciplinar: a psicologia hospitalar durante a Covid-19 / From institutional diagnosis to interdisciplinary support: hospital psychology during the Covid-19 / Del diagnóstico institucional al apoyo interdisciplinario: la psicología hospitalaria frente a Covid-19

The crisis generated by the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic changed health care routines and the dynamics of hospitals and impacted health professionals. This experience report presents an interdisciplinary institutional support intervention, led by the psychology service of a pediatric hospital. Based on the hospital management's demand for the care of the employees' mental health, an institutional diagnosis was made and an interdisciplinary action of guidance, support and reception to employees was structured, which collected and organized into 11 categories concerns and obstacles to the functioning of the hospital during the pandemic. Hence, it was possible to realign care flows and offer psychological support to professionals, highlighting the interdisciplinary quality of mental health care. We verified emotional rebalancing, strengthening of professional identity, and better occupational performance. The transformation process that was fostered helped to overcome difficulties and promote an environment of resilience and better coping with the situation, indicating the need to maintain the attention that the crisis demanded.

A pandemia provocada pela Covid-19 alterou as rotinas assistenciais hospitalares e impactou os profissionais de saúde. Este relato de experiência apresenta uma intervenção interdisciplinar de apoio institucional, liderada pelo Serviço de Psicologia de um hospital pediátrico, e a constatação da possibilidade de encontrar soluções inovadoras, sistematizadas e fundamentadas para novos problemas. A partir da demanda da direção da instituição de cuidado destinado à saúde mental dos colaboradores, realizou-se um diagnóstico institucional e estruturou-se a ação interdisciplinar de orientação, apoio e acolhimento aos colaboradores, revelando preocupações e entraves do hospital durante a pandemia. A partir daí, foi possível realinhar a ação, ressaltando a qualidade interdisciplinar do cuidado com a saúde mental. Constataram-se reequilíbrio emocional, fortalecimento da identidade profissional e melhor desempenho ocupacional. Esse resgate fomentou um processo de transformação que consistiu em colaborar para a superação de dificuldades, promover um ambiente de resiliência e melhor enfrentamento da situação, e indicar a necessidade de manutenção da atenção que a crise oportunizou.

La crisis generada por la pandemia de la coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) cambió las rutinas de atención médica y la dinámica de los hospitales y impactó los profesionales de la salud. Presenta-se una intervención interdisciplinaria de apoyo institucional, dirigida por el servicio de psicología de un hospital pediátrico. Con base en las demandas de la administración del hospital para el cuidado de la salud de los empleados, se realizó un diagnóstico institucional y se estructuró una acción interdisciplinaria de orientación, apoyo y acogida a los empleados que recopiló y organizó en 11 categorías inquietudes y obstáculos para el funcionamiento del hospital durante la pandemia. Los flujos de atención han sido reordenados, destacando la calidad interdisciplinaria de la atención en salud mental. Verificamos reequilibrio emocional, fortalecimiento de la identidad profesional y mejor desempeño ocupacional. El proceso de transformación que se impulsó ayudó a superar las dificultades y promover un ambiente de resiliencia y mejor enfrentamiento a la situación, indicando la necesidad de mantener la atención que demandaba la crisis.

Da medicina psicossomática à psicologia médica: a trajetória teórica e institucional de Julio de Mello Filho / From psychosomatic medicine to medical psychology: the theoretical and institutional trajectory of Julio de Mello Filho

Resumo Os estudos sobre as causalidades das patologias e da relação médico/paciente a partir de formulações psicanalíticas receberam duas denominações no Brasil: medicina psicossomática e psicologia médica. O médico e psicanalista Julio de Mello Filho assumiu o protagonismo dessa proposta a partir da doença incapacitante do psiquiatra e psicanalista Danillo Perestrello. A estruturação da concepção teórica do movimento psicossomático e as estratégias institucionais utilizadas para a consolidação desse campo disciplinar no cenário brasileiro são o objeto deste estudo. Por meio de um referencial epistemológico e histórico, conclui-se que a proposta inicial de transformação do modelo médico hegemônico perde força e observa-se um deslocamento da psicologia médica como um campo da psicologia da saúde.

Abstract Studies on the causality of pathologies and the doctor/patient relationship based on psychoanalytic formulations received two denominations in Brazil: psychosomatic medicine and medical psychology. The physician and psychoanalyst Julio de Mello Filho took a leading role in this movement after the psychiatrist and psychoanalyst Danillo Perestrello was incapacitated by illness. This study investigates how the theoretical concepts of the psychosomatic movement were structured and the institutional strategies used to establish this discipline in Brazil. From an epistemological and historical point of view, the initial notion of transforming the hegemonic medical model was seen to lose force, followed by a shift in medical psychology as a field of health psychology.

Entrevista a un profesional sanitario: estudio piloto de una actividad de contacto asistencial temprano en el grado en Medicina durante la pandemia por COVID-19 / Interviewing a health care professional: pilot study of an early care contact activity in the Medical degree during the COVID-19 pandemic

Introducción: El Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior fomenta el diseño y la aplicación de metodologías docentes innovadoras, que en las ciencias de la salud pueden contribuir al conocimiento y el contacto temprano con la práctica asistencial, y a la humanización de la medicina. El objetivo es presentar las características y los resultados obtenidos en la actividad grupal ‘Entrevista a un profesional sanitario’. Sujetos y métodos: La actividad se ha desarrollado en la asignatura de Psicología, de segundo curso del grado en Medicina, durante el curso académico 2019-2020 (n = 164 estudiantes; 29,3% hombres; edad media = 19,7 años). La pandemia por COVID-19 requirió su adaptación a la docencia no presencial. De los 33 profesionales sanitarios colaboradores, 29 contestaron al cuestionario de satisfacción en línea (65,5% hombres; edad media = 49,2 años). Resultados: Se constituyeron 33 grupos de estudiantes y la media (desviación estándar) de la calificación fue 8,8 (0,65) sobre 10 puntos. Los estudiantes presentaron una amplia variedad de cuestiones relacionadas con la humanización de la medicina. Las entrevistas se realizaron fundamentalmente por videoconferencia (58,6%). Los profesionales sanitarios que contestaron al cuestionario fueron preferentemente titulados en Medicina (89,7%) y especialistas en medicina familiar y comunitaria (27,6%). Presentaron una elevada satisfacción tanto en la organización de la actividad como en su valoración -media sobre 5 puntos (desviación estándar), 4,5 (0,5) y 4,7 (0,3), respectivamente-. Conclusión:‘Entrevista a un profesional sanitario’ es una actividad grupal que facilita el contacto asistencial temprano y el papel activo de los estudiantes, ha sido muy bien valorada por los profesionales sanitarios participantes y puede adaptarse a la docencia no presencial.(AU)

Introduction: The European Higher Education Area encourages the design and application of innovative teaching methods. Regarding Health Sciences, they can contribute to the early knowledge and contact with healthcare practice and to the humanization of medicine. The aim is to present the characteristics and results obtained in the group activity: ‘Interview a healthcare professional’. Subjects and methods: The activity has been applied in the subject of Psychology (second year of the Degree in Medicine) during the academic year 2019-20 (n = 164 students, 29.3% men, mean age = 19.7). The COVID-19 pandemic has required its adaptation to distance education. Of the 33 collaborating health professionals, 29 answered the online satisfaction questionnaire (65.5% men, mean age = 49.2 years). Results: Thirty-three groups of students were constituted, the mean (standard deviation) rating was 8.80 (0.65) out of 10 points. Students presented a wide variety of issues related to the humanization of medicine. Most of the interviews were conducted by videoconference (58.6%). The health professionals who answered the questionnaire were mostly graduates in Medicine (89.7%) and specialists in Family and Community Medicine (27.6%). They presented high satisfaction in both the organization and assessment of the activity -mean score out of 5 (SD), 4.5 (0.5) and 4.7 (0.3) respectively-.Conclusion: ‘Interview a healthcare professional’ is a group activity that facilitates early contact with healthcare practice and the active role of students, it has been highly valued by the participating healthcare professionals and can be adapted to the non-face-to-face teaching modality.(AU)

[The Importance of Different Topics in Medical Psychology/Sociology from Physicians' and Medical Students' View: Similarities and Differences]. / Die Bedeutung medizinpsychologischer/soziologischer Themen für ÄrztInnen und Medizinstudierende: Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede.

BACKGROUND: The subject of "Medical Psychology/Sociology" is facing various content changes as a result of the currently pending study reforms within the framework of the "Master Plan Medical Studies 2020". These include the further development of the catalogues of exam-relevant topics (GK) and the National Competence-Based Learning Objectives Catalogue for Undergraduate Medical Education (NKLM) as well as the Medical Licensing Regulations (ÄApprO). In this context, the question arises as to which training contents of "medical psychology/sociology", that medical students are confronted with, are of particular importance for their future medical work. METHODS: 332 physicians and 265 students evaluated different contents of the catalogue of exam-relevant topics of medical psychology/sociology (GK-MPS) according to their importance regarding their education or respectively their daily work. In addition, the physicians indicated in free text fields of the questionnaire which situations in their daily work they would have liked to have been better prepared for during medical school. In a combined quantitative-qualitative analysis approach, differences between the 2 groups were identified by t-tests for independent samples with unequal variances (Welch test) and free text information was assigned to the various topics of the GK-MPS and evaluated in terms of content by 3 raters within the framework of a qualitatively oriented category-based text analysis. RESULTS: Both physicians and students considered those topics of the GK-MPS, that involve communication between physician and patient, to be the most important. In addition, physicians rated the topics of physician-patient communication, statistics and prevention as more important than the students did. The physicians would have liked to have been better prepared for special and challenging medical situations in physician-patient interaction. DISCUSSION: The topics of physician-patient communication are still considered to be of particular importance for the medical training of physicians and students, but physicians consider them to be more important than students. CONCLUSION: The study results support the current study reforms towards a stronger emphasis on physician-patient communication and scientific basics as well as the linking of pre-clinical and clinical study contents.

The rise of psychological physicians: The certification of insanity and the teaching of medical psychology.

This paper investigates the nexus between the legal provisions for the certification of insanity and the introduction of psychological medicine into British medical education. Considering legal and published sources, it shows that the 1853 Lunatic Asylums Act proved fundamental for the promotion of medical psychology as part of medical training. By giving doctors the authority to report "facts of insanity", this law created the need for "psychological physicians" capable of certifying lunacy. I explore this connection in three sections. First, I introduce the emergence of medical certificates in the context of asylum committal. Second, I focus on the certification procedure introduced in 1853 which required "facts of insanity personally observed". Third, I consider how British asylum doctors advocated for the diffusion of psychological medicine as an essential university subject for certifying practitioners. This paper emphasizes the relevance of confinement legislation in the development of psychiatry as a medical specialty.

A psicologia humanista de Carl Rogers na educação médica: Espaços e desafios / Carl Rogers' humanistic psychology in medical education: Spaces and challenges

A problematização dos lugares, papéis e sentidos da Psicologia nos cursos de Medicina é necessária para que as unidades curriculares ligadas a esse campo de conhecimento aportem à formação dos graduandos o desenvolvimento de saberes, habilidades e competências necessários para a o exercício da prática médica humanizada. Este trabalho discute a adoção da Psicologia Humanista de Carl Rogers como fundamento teórico de disciplinas ou módulos ligados à Psicologia na formação médica. Apresenta as bases dessa vertente e relaciona-as à discussão das metodologias de ensino e da relação professor-aluno no ensino médico. Conclui que a teoria analisada pode constituir orientação para a prática docente e as escolhas curriculares e metodológicas da formação médica, apesar dos limites de sua aplicação de forma generalizada nos cursos de graduação. Indica as atividades voltadas para a capacidade dos estudantes de identificar, expressar e refletir sobre seus próprios sentimentos em relação a diferentes situações vivenciadas durante a graduação em Medicina são as mais coerentes com a proposta da psicologia humanista de Carl Rogers.

The problematization of places, roles and meanings of psychology in medical courses is necessary so that the curricular units linked to this field of knowledge contribute to the development of learnings, skills and competences necessary for humanized medical practice. This essay presents the theoretical foundations of Carl Rogers' Humanistic Psychology and advocates its use in the training of future doctors in educational practices consistent with the proposal of Person-Centered Therapy. It concludes that this theory may constitute guidance for theaching practice and curricular choices, despite the limits of general application in medical courses. The activities focused on the student's hability to identifie, express and reflect on their own feelings are the most consistent whit the theoretical foundations of Carl Rogers' Humanistic Psychology.

Comparison of problem-based learning and traditional teaching methods in medical psychology education in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: PBL approach has been widely used in many Chinese universities over the past decade. However, the effects of PBL approach on medical psychology education in China are inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether the PBL approach was superior to the lecture-based teaching method in the context of the medical psychology curriculum in China. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to confirm the effectiveness of PBL in Chinese medical psychology. Corresponding databases were searched for available studies, where data were extracted to calculated Hedges' g and its 95% confidence interval in total and subgroup analyses. Subgroup analyses were also carried out. RESULTS: Nine studies with 551 cases and 496 controls were identified. The total examination scores of students in the PBL approach group were significantly higher compared with students in the traditional lecture-based teaching group under the random effect model (Hedges' g = 1.510, 95%CI 0.792-2.227, p<0.001). Subgroup analyses based on major and school system exhibited similar results. CONCLUSIONS: Our study supported the notion that the PBL approach may be applicable to Chinese medical psychology education.

La psicología de emergencias ante la COVID-19: enfoque desde la prevención, detección y gestión operativa del riesgo / No disponible

No disponible

[Why Pharmacists Need Education in the Humanities: A Medical Professional Educator's Viewpoint].

Over the past few decades, pharmacists' work has changed from product-centered tasks to patient-centered care. In response to such social changes and needs, the pharmacy education course was also extended from 4 to 6 years, and the importance of the humanities in the curriculum (e.g., medical psychology, medical ethics, and communication) is now recognized. The Model Core Curriculum for Pharmacy Education, 2013 version, described 10 professional competencies for pharmacists (professionalism, patient-oriented attitude, communication skills, interprofessional team care, basic sciences, medication therapy management, community health and medical care, research, lifelong learning, and education and training) and stated that the humanities are a foundation of pharmaceutical education. However, a report by the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan (2014) expressed concern that clinical practice was not connected with knowledge of the humanities. It is educationally meaningful when pharmacists who studied the humanities can then offer the best medical care to patients. In order to utilize knowledge of the humanities in the clinical setting, educators need to provide opportunities for active learning. Furthermore, the humanities are useful to help pharmacists acquire meta-cognition.

Pediatric medical psychology.

Paediatric medical psychology is a specialised field within clinical health psychology focussed on the behavioural, developmental, and psychological needs of children, adolescents, and families in healthcare contexts. Paediatric medical psychologists address a myriad of problems by employing evidence-based evaluations and interventions in order to support the well-being of paediatric patients and their families. In this paper, we provide an overview of paediatric medical psychology including the education and training required to be a paediatric psychologist followed by common problems addressed by paediatric psychology, the settings paediatric psychologists work in, and the services they provide. Discussion concludes with future application of integrating paediatric psychology throughout the continuum of care to optimise adjustment and health of paediatric patients.